Psychological aspects of examination of ophthalmic patients with diabetic retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Nowadays there are a number of questionnaires with a score assessment of mental disorders. However, they are not adapted to the specific manifestations of DRP and require additional correction. The aim: To determine the criteria of necessity of psychological help for the patient with DRP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 96 patients with DRP. The methods of the study were as follows: functional diagnostic examinations (visometry without correction and with optimal correction, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, optical coherent tomography of the retina and the optic disc); the assessment of mental state of patients using original and adapted tests. RESULTS: Results: The criteria of necessity of specialized psychological help for the patient with DRP are: level of fatigue manifestations in points is higher than 33 for patients with NPDRP, 49 with PPDRP and 56 with PDRP (according to the mean values of the total score of MFI at the corresponding stage of DRP); veracity of at least 2 statements from the additional questions and/or high values (>12) of at least 2 MFI subscales; changes in cognitive function, classified as severe or moderate. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The integrated, modified questionnaire for patient's mental condition assessment, based on MFI for fatigue manifestations, MMSE for cognitive impairment and the additional questions provides a reliable way to determine the criteria for specialized psychological help necessity.

The effectiveness of sphero-cylindrical correction at a short distance in presbyopic age patients with the first detected astigmatism.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The practical results of optical correction without considering the cylindrical component at close dictance do not always satisfy the patient in everyday visual activity. The aim: Compare the effect of sphero-cylindrical and spherical correction in presbyopic patients with the first detected astigmatism at a close distance work. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The article presents the results of a survey of 43 patients (86 eyes) aged 38 to 59 years, on average 47 ± 0.8 years. In all patients, weak astigmatism with a cylinder (Cyl) of 0.5 D to 1.0 D was found. At the diagnostic stage all patients were offered a variant of spherical and sphero-cylindrical optical correction, the data we obtained formed two groups of comparison. RESULTS: Results: The average value of visual acuity at close distance (33 cm) in patients with spherical correction was better - 0.95 ± 0.06 (73 ± 1.4 optotypes) compared with spherocylindrical correction - 0.61 ± 0.02 (64 ± 0.8 optotypes). The mean distance (66 cm) is better in patients with sphero-cylindrical correction - 1,58 ± 0,01 (70 ± 0,02 optotypes) compared with spherical correction - 0,8 ± 0,05 (55 ± 1,0 optotypes). Also, when using spherical correction, the nearest point of clear vision was closer to the eye, compared with sphero-cylindrical correction, but the range of depth of vision at close range was greater when using sphero-cylindrical correction. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Sphero-cylindrical correction at a distance of 66 cm gives a clearer visual acuity - 1.58 ± 0.01 (70 ± 0.02 optotypes) compared with spherical - 0.8 ± 0.05 (55± 1.0 optotypes).